Essays (40 pts.): Choose one question from group A and one question from group B. Research your topics and be prepared to write your essays for the exam without the use of your notes. All questions require research in Gardner beyond what was only covered in class. Each question is worth 20 points on the exam.
A) Choose One:
Choose a Roman triumphal arch that reflects the style, construction and purpose of the triumphal arch. Discuss its parts, meaning and significance.
Discuss the role of Augustus as a patron of the arts (including the significance of stylistic preferences during his reign). Use examples to support your essay.
Discuss the significance of the reign of Constantine the Great. How is it a “bridge” between the ancient and medieval worlds? Include artistic examples and historical analysis (key events, role of the emperor, etc.).
Discuss the significance of the reign of Justinian. Include discussion of setting up a capital in Ravenna, as well as the Emperor’s near divine status. Include examples to support your essay and brief historical analysis.
B) Choose One:
Discuss the significance of the barbarian migrations in Europe during the Early Middle Ages. Include discussion of specific artistic motifs and how native styles and ideals were integrated with those of Christianity. Include examples to support your essay.
Discuss the arts during the Carolingian period and the role that Charlemagne played (what incited various artistic styles). Use examples to support your essay.
Choose a Romanesque church from three separate regions. Discuss the significance of the Romanesque style in church building and what differences are apparent in the three examples chosen.
Discuss the role of light in Gothic architecture both from the symbolic and the structural point of view. Use examples to support your essay.